|
|
|
Gypsum
Gypsum form through the evaporation and concentration of marines brines
in environments ranging from basin bottoms to salt dome tops. Gypsum
contains 27% water, while anhydrite is the anhydrous form. Both gypsum
and anhydrite occur in granular, compact or fibrous crystalline masses
in sedimentary beds.
Gypsum is an industrially important mineral which has the unique
property that it can be ground into a powder, heated and then restored
to a solid with only the addition of water. Generally, industrialised
nations primarily use it for wallboard and sheetrock and developing
nations use this mineral for the production of, or as a cement. Gypsum
is also used in the construction of a variety of structures such as
bridges and roads, and as fertilizer.
Link: EUROGYPSUM-The
Association of European Gypsum Industries
Production of Gypsum and Anhydrite
tonnes
| |
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008 |
| Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
Armenia
|
?
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Albania |
22.000
|
23.000
|
24.000
|
0
|
0 |
| Austria |
1.038.127
|
1.017.194
|
1.071.452
|
1.063.844
|
1.087.259 |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina |
75.000
|
80.000
|
124.246
|
129.333
|
98.945 |
| Bulgaria |
152.000
|
150.000
|
215.800
|
234.300
|
21.200 |
| Croatia |
77.987
|
207.918
|
297.894
|
382.323
|
288.393 |
| Cyprus |
255.000
|
210.000
|
264.000
|
330.000
|
282.848 |
| Czech Republic |
71.000
|
25.000
|
16.000
|
66.000
|
35.000 |
| France |
3.500.000
|
3.500.000
|
4.800.000
|
4.800.000
|
2.339.380 |
Georgia
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Germany |
1.579.000
|
1.644.000
|
1.771.000
|
1.898.000
|
2.112.000 |
| Greece |
856.606
|
735.000
|
886.284
|
836.967
|
998.924 |
| Hungary |
55.000
|
35.000
|
30.000
|
26.000
|
15.940 |
| Ireland |
650.000
|
700.000
|
700.000
|
700.000
|
600.000 |
| Italy |
1.616.000
|
2.356.000
|
2.860.000
|
2.900.000
|
2.900.000 |
| Latvia |
266.240
|
270.000
|
230.000
|
230.000
|
230.000 |
Macedonia
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Moldavia |
491.000
|
562.700
|
725.900
|
846.400
|
817.889 |
| Poland |
1.100.000
|
1.300.000
|
1.250.000
|
1.536.000
|
1.499.900 |
| Portugal |
500.000
|
500.000
|
400.000
|
366.600
|
360.000 |
Romania
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Russia (Europe) |
2.076.800
|
2.200.000
|
2.200.000
|
2.400.000
|
2.400.00 |
| Serbia & Montenegro |
42.471
|
42.000
|
42.000
|
42.000
|
42.00 |
| Slovakia |
127.100
|
107.500
|
120.000
|
139.300
|
145.900 |
| Spain |
12.533.972
|
12.600.000
|
14.596.559
|
14.000.000
|
15.000.000 |
| Switzerland |
300.000
|
300.000
|
300.000
|
300.000
|
300.000 |
| Turkey |
250.099
|
250.000
|
250.000
|
250.000
|
250.000 |
| Turkmenistan |
1.600
|
1.580
|
3.000
|
3.000
|
3.000 |
| Ukraine |
337.000
|
381.000
|
376.000
|
742.000
|
1.158.410 |
| United Kingdom |
1.686.000
|
1.700.000
|
1.700.000
|
1.700.000
|
1.700.000 |
| Yugoslavia |
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| total |
29.660.002
|
30.897.892
|
35.254.135
|
35.922.067
|
34.686.988
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
| Algeria |
467.352
|
857.502
|
1.030.000
|
1.198.303
|
1.671.651 |
| Angola |
17.000
|
15.000
|
14.000
|
15.000
|
15.000 |
| Eritrea |
1.054
|
207
|
386
|
548
|
550 |
| Ethiopia |
12.000
|
34.728
|
38.201
|
58.201
|
60.300 |
| Kenya |
8.900
|
9.100
|
9.100
|
9.100
|
9.100 |
| Mauritania |
38.940
|
43.266
|
45.222
|
49.229
|
44.428 |
| Niger |
34.944
|
17.417
|
13.043
|
4.615
|
8.661 |
| Somalia |
1.000
|
1.500
|
1.600
|
1.500
|
1.500 |
| South Africa |
452.271
|
547.581
|
554.000
|
643.630
|
571.343 |
| Tunisia |
130.000
|
140.000
|
200.000
|
180.000
|
370.000 |
| Uganda |
143
|
285
|
121
|
120
|
125 |
| total |
1.163.604
|
1.666.586
|
1.905.673
|
2.160.246
|
2.752.658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
| Abu Dhabi (UAE) |
16.300
|
16.000
|
15.800
|
0
|
0 |
| Afghanistan |
320.000
|
340.000
|
350.000
|
350.000
|
300.000 |
| Azerbajian |
3.739
|
28.242
|
35.034
|
22.037
|
38.375 |
| Bhutan |
131.236
|
150.585
|
204.198
|
189.198
|
248.445 |
| China |
29.520.000
|
32.000.000
|
35.000.000
|
35.000.000
|
35.000.000 |
| Egypt |
7.634.000
|
3.290.000
|
3.300.000
|
3.300.000
|
2.400.000 |
| India |
3.689.927
|
3.291.478
|
2.888.502
|
2.638.000
|
2.800.000 |
| Indonesia |
6.000
|
9.124
|
6.000
|
6.000
|
6.000 |
| Iran |
13.800.000
|
12.400.000
|
15.403.754
|
16.000.000
|
17.691.242 |
| Iraq |
530.000
|
550.000
|
450.000
|
0
|
0 |
| Israel |
75.930
|
106.798
|
110.000
|
82.974
|
83.000 |
| Jordan |
135.331
|
344.911
|
333.710
|
287.789
|
231.771 |
| Laos |
201.094
|
774.800
|
775.000
|
775.000
|
775.000 |
| Lebanon |
30.000
|
30.000
|
30.000
|
30.000
|
30.000 |
| Libya |
175.000
|
175.000
|
175.000
|
175.000
|
175.000 |
| Mongolia |
25.000
|
25.000
|
26.000
|
26.000
|
26.000 |
| Myanmar |
66.038
|
69.735
|
72.654
|
76.401
|
92.474 |
| Oman |
240.500
|
266.100
|
170.000
|
180.000
|
190.000 |
| Pakistan |
467.065
|
552.496
|
724.324
|
575.564
|
660.000 |
| Saudi Arabia |
2.553.000
|
2.800.000
|
2.900.000
|
2.300.000
|
2.300.000 |
| Sudan |
13.200
|
11.000
|
7.000
|
7.974
|
8.000 |
| Syria |
400.000
|
467.000
|
443.000
|
447.900
|
572.888 |
| Tajikistan |
48.000
|
47.000
|
35.000
|
30.000
|
25.000 |
| Thailand |
8.150.865
|
7.650.854
|
8.915.240
|
9.336.268
|
8.989.082 |
| Vietnam |
11.000
|
5.000
|
5.000
|
5.000
|
5.000 |
| Yemen |
60.000
|
72.000
|
81.000
|
90.000
|
95.000 |
| total |
68.303.225
|
65.473.123
|
72.456.970
|
71.931.105
|
72.742.277
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| America |
|
|
|
|
|
| Argentina |
974.935
|
1.050.193
|
1.202.812
|
1.226.530
|
1.257.310 |
| Bolivia |
100
|
26
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Brazil |
1.650.000
|
1.582.248
|
1.748.000
|
1.923.119
|
1.700.000 |
| Canada |
9.339.000
|
8.727.000
|
9.789.000
|
7.638.000
|
5.797.000 |
| Chile |
630.444
|
660.753
|
845.331
|
773.119
|
773.794 |
| Colombia |
560.000
|
560.000
|
560.000
|
560.000
|
560.000 |
| Dominican Republic |
435.723
|
352.242
|
238.429
|
200.000
|
200.000 |
| Ecuador |
232
|
1.310
|
1.478
|
0
|
0 |
| Guatemala |
106.140
|
349.589
|
226.800
|
495.335
|
127.387 |
| Honduras |
5.725
|
5.700
|
5.500
|
5.000
|
5.500 |
| Jamaica |
283.352
|
302.066
|
364.432
|
227.697
|
238.274 |
| Mexico |
4.840.099
|
5.087.800
|
5.950.000
|
5.963.700
|
6.000.000 |
| Nicaragua |
36.466
|
36.456
|
42.191
|
43.300
|
40.000 |
| Paraguay |
4.300
|
4.100
|
4.100
|
4.500
|
4.500 |
| Peru |
432.259
|
334.595
|
394.289
|
334.668
|
495.717 |
| United States |
17.200.000
|
21.100.000
|
21.100.000
|
17.900.000
|
14.411.000 |
| Uruguay |
1.150
|
920
|
0
|
0
|
0 |
| Venezuela |
4.000
|
6.000
|
7.000
|
7.000
|
7.000 |
| total |
36.503.925
|
40.160.998
|
42.479.362
|
37.301.968
|
31.617.482
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Oceania |
|
|
|
|
|
| Australia |
3.856.900
|
3.500.000
|
4.000.000
|
4.200.000
|
3.392.900 |
| total |
3.856.900
|
3.500.000
|
4.000.000
|
4.200.000
|
3.392.900
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| World total |
177.155.185
|
207.171.722
|
228.553.110
|
151.515.386
|
145.192.305
|
FGD Gypsum Production in
Europe for 2002
1000 tonnes
|
Austria
|
80
|
|
Belgium
|
60
|
|
Bulgaria
|
240
|
|
Croatia
|
20
|
|
Czech Republic
|
1,18
|
|
Denmark
|
280
|
|
Finland
|
50
|
|
France
|
50
|
|
Germany
|
7,18
|
|
Hungary
|
350
|
|
Italy
|
690
|
|
Netherlands
|
300
|
|
Poland
|
1,05
|
|
Spain
|
800
|
|
Turkey
|
180
|
|
United Kingdom
|
1,05
|
|
Europe total
|
13,56
|
Source: Eurogypsum - www.eurogypsum.org
World
Mine Production nd Reserves for 2003
tonnes
| |
Mine
Production of Natural Gypsum 2003
|
Reserves
2003*
|
| USA |
16.000.000
|
700.000.000
|
| Australia |
4.000.000
|
|
| Austria |
1.000.000
|
|
| Brazil |
1.650.000
|
1.300.000.000
|
| Canada |
9.000.000
|
450.000.000
|
| China |
6.900.000
|
|
| Egypt |
2.000.000
|
|
| France |
3.500.000
|
|
| India |
2.300.000
|
|
| Italy |
1.200.000
|
|
| Japan |
5.700.000
|
|
| Mexico |
6.800.000
|
|
| Poland |
1.100.000
|
|
| Spain |
7.500.000
|
|
| Thailand |
6.500.000
|
|
| United
Kingdom |
1.500.000
|
|
| Uruguay |
1.100.000
|
|
| Other
Countries |
12.500.000
|
|
| |
|
|
| World
total |
102.000.000
|
Large
|
Note:
* Reserves are large in major countries, but data are not available
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral
Commodities Summaries, January 2004 -
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/
|
|
|
