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Lead
Lead is a soft, ductile, malleable, bluish-white metal that
has poor electrical conductivity. Highly resistant to corrosion,
this true metal is used to contain corrosive liquids (sulphuric
acid for instance). Adding a small amount of antimony or other
metals to it can toughen lead, the fifth most widely used metal
in the world.
Common uses of lead include batteries, paint pigments, glasswork
(in crystal glass and in TV glass for instance), ammunition,
gasoline tanks or containers, solders, seals or bearings, in
sheathing electric cables, in electrical and electronic applications,
in TV tubes, construction, in ceramics, communications and protective
coatings. Its great mass enables it to be used as a shield for
radioactive materials (lead is used in Y-ray and gamma radiation
shielding).
Link:
-World Bureau
of Metal Statistics - Statistics 2000 - 2003
-ILZSG-International
Lead and Zinc Study Group
World Mine Production
Tonnes
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
| Europe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bulgaria |
25.000 |
19.541 |
26.400 |
43.845 |
31.300 |
31.000 |
| Greece |
20.165 |
15.553 |
26.015 |
28.036 |
28.296 |
28.400 |
| Ireland |
39.200 |
57.500 |
44.500 |
41.700 |
50.300 |
50.700 |
| Italy |
6.000 |
5.000 |
4.000 |
4.000 |
3.900 |
3.700 |
| Macedonia |
12.300 |
16.500 |
9.000 |
4.000 |
0 |
0 |
| Poland |
64.000 |
68.400 |
74.000 |
73.000 |
77.000 |
79.000 |
| Romania |
7.612 |
13.338 |
18.180 |
19.000 |
14.059 |
11.863 |
| Russia (Europe) |
2.210 |
2.060 |
2.400 |
2.160 |
2.520 |
2.600 |
| Serbia & Montenegro |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.000 |
3.800 |
| Spain |
28.000 |
58.500 |
35.600 |
6.200 |
5.500 |
5.200 |
| Sweden |
116.393 |
106.584 |
85.975 |
42.954 |
50.300 |
33.900 |
| Turkey |
|
5.600 |
6.651 |
7.000 |
7.282 |
7.827 |
| United Kingdom |
|
1.000 |
800 |
700 |
700 |
720 |
| Yugoslavia |
8.600 |
3.800 |
4.300 |
4.500 |
0 |
0 |
| total |
329.480 |
373.376 |
337.821 |
277.095 |
275.157 |
258.710 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Africa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Algeria |
|
818 |
1.891 |
1.105 |
1.108 |
1.000 |
| Morocco |
70.794 |
72.856 |
66.514 |
54.920 |
50.000 |
41.000 |
| Namibia |
9.361 |
11.114 |
13.025 |
13.190 |
13.400 |
13.000 |
| South Africa |
80.191 |
75.280 |
50.700 |
55.000 |
53.000 |
36.000 |
| Tunisia |
10.000 |
11.000 |
8.000 |
8.000 |
5.000 |
5.500 |
| total |
170.346 |
171.068 |
140.130 |
132.215 |
122.508 |
96.500 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| China |
859.000 |
569.500 |
599.200 |
640.000 |
670.000 |
950.000 |
| DPR Korea |
|
22.000 |
26.000 |
28.000 |
30.000 |
25.000 |
| India |
35.000 |
35.500 |
28.320 |
40.215 |
34.000 |
32.000 |
| Iran |
14.170 |
14.200 |
12.000 |
8.000 |
28.000 |
28.000 |
| Japan |
6.074 |
8.835 |
4.997 |
5.723 |
6.000 |
6.500 |
| Kazakhstan |
29.661 |
33.899 |
35.109 |
37.000 |
38.200 |
45.500 |
| Korea |
|
2.724 |
988 |
28 |
30 |
40 |
| Myanmar |
|
775 |
1.1050 |
1.200 |
1.300 |
1.600 |
| Russia (Asia) |
53.050 |
49.445 |
57.600 |
51.840 |
60.480 |
65.000 |
| Tajikistan |
|
1.500 |
2.000 |
2.200 |
2.500 |
2.700 |
| Thailand |
9.989 |
10.399 |
800 |
6.500 |
5.000 |
2.000 |
| Uzbekistan |
|
750 |
650 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| total |
1.006.944 |
749.527 |
768.769 |
820.706 |
875.510 |
1.158.340 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| America |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Argentinia |
14.256 |
14.115 |
12.334 |
12.931 |
12.079 |
12.000 |
| Bolivia |
10.153 |
9.523 |
9.100 |
9.000 |
9.739 |
10.267 |
| Brazil |
9.000 |
10.500 |
14.779 |
9.253 |
10.652 |
14.734 |
| Canada |
155.369 |
143.049 |
149.000 |
99.000 |
77.140 |
71.122 |
|
Chile |
|
784 |
1.000 |
3.000 |
3.400 |
3.600 |
Colombia |
|
500 |
200 |
200 |
180 |
170 |
| Honduras |
8.298 |
10.000 |
11.000 |
11.200 |
11.500 |
11.700 |
| Mexico |
131.402 |
160.607 |
148.625 |
138.749 |
144.297 |
141.578 |
| Peru |
271.000 |
270.576 |
290.000 |
298.000 |
308.874 |
300.000 |
| United States |
503.000 |
405.537 |
453.963 |
440.000 |
448.659 |
445.000 |
| total |
1.102.478 |
1.025.191 |
1.090.001 |
1.021.333 |
1.026.520 |
1.010.171 |
| |
|
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|
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| Oceania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Australia |
692.000 |
678.000 |
726.000 |
658.000 |
677.000 |
678.000 |
| total |
692.000 |
678.000 |
726.000 |
658.000 |
677.000 |
678.000 |
| |
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| WORLD
TOTAL |
4.308.192 |
3.746.689 |
3.831.490 |
3.730.055 |
3.852.205 |
4.360.061 |
Source: Österreichisches Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft
und Arbeit (Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour of the
Republic of Austria), World Mining Data, April 2006
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