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Aluminium
Aluminum is a silver-white metal with a face-centered cubic
crystalline structure. It is very light in weight, relatively
strong and hard when alloyed. In addition, aluminium is ductile,
malleable and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity.
Although it is chemically very reactive, aluminum resists corrosion
by the formation of a self-protecting oxide coating. It is rapidly
attacked by alkalies and by hydrochloric acid.
Aluminium, the third most abundant of all elements in the Earth’s
crust, making up 8% of the crust by weight, has many uses in
the home and industry.
Metallic aluminum is used in transportation, packaging such
as beverage cans, building construction, electrical applications,
in jewellery, on wall surfaces, in colored kitchenware and other
many products. Aluminium powder is used in paints. Aluminium
foil is used as a wrapping material.
About 85% of all the bauxite mined worldwide is used to produce
alumina for refining into aluminum metal. Another 10% produces
alumina which is used in chemical, abrasive, and refractory
products. The remaining 5% of bauxite is used to make abrasives,
refractory materials, and aluminum compounds.
Links:
- EAA-The European Aluminium Association
-
The International Aluminium Institute
Aluminium Production
Thousand tonnes
| |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
| Europe |
|
|
|
|
| Western Europe |
3.801 |
3.885 |
3.928 |
4.068 |
| Slovakia |
3.689 |
3.728 |
3.825 |
3.996 |
| total |
7.490 |
7.613 |
7.753 |
8.064 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Africa
total |
1.178 |
1.369 |
1.372 |
1.425 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Asia
total |
2.221 |
2.234 |
2.261 |
2.475 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| America |
|
|
|
|
| Canada |
6.041 |
5.222 |
5.413 |
5.496 |
| Mexico |
2.167 |
1.991 |
2.230 |
2.274 |
| total |
8.208 |
7.213 |
7.643 |
7.770 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Oceania
total |
2.094 |
2.122 |
2.170 |
2.198 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| World
total |
21.191 |
20.551 |
21.199 |
21.932 |
Source: World Bureau of Metal Statistics - World
Metal Statsitics, February 2004, p. 7
World
Refined Production
Thousand tonnes
| |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
| Europe |
|
|
|
|
| Bosnia & Herzegovina |
94,5 |
96,0 |
103,5 |
110,6 |
| France |
441,2 |
460,9 |
463,2 |
442,1 |
| Germany |
643,5 |
651,6 |
652,8 |
660,8 |
| Greece |
162,6 |
162,0 |
163,9 |
165,0 |
| Hungary |
33,9 |
34,6 |
35,3 |
35,0 |
| Iceland |
225,7 |
242,6 |
263,7 |
265,9 |
| Italy |
189,8 |
187,5 |
190,4 |
191,4 |
| Netherlands |
301,7 |
293,2 |
284,4 |
277,9 |
| Norway |
1.025,7 |
1.067,6 |
1.095,5 |
1.192,4 |
| Poland |
52,4 |
54,6 |
58,8 |
45,1 |
| Romania |
181,4 |
182,4 |
187,1 |
195,6 |
| Russia |
3.247,0 |
3.302,0 |
3.348,2 |
3.477,7 |
| Slovakia |
109,8 |
110,1 |
111,6 |
131,4 |
| Slovenia |
75,6 |
76,6 |
87,6 |
109,8 |
| Spain |
365,7 |
376,4 |
380,1 |
389,1 |
| Sweden |
100,1 |
101,8 |
100,6 |
101,2 |
| Switzerland |
35,5 |
36,2 |
40,0 |
43,5 |
| Ukraine |
103,6 |
106,1 |
112,5 |
113,6 |
| United Kingdom |
305,1 |
340,8 |
344,3 |
342,7 |
| Yugoslavia Federation |
95,5 |
108,1 |
116,5 |
120,2 |
| total |
7.790,1 |
7.991,2 |
8.140,1 |
8.411,1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Africa total |
1.175,7 |
1.353,4 |
1.371,3 |
1.427,1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Asia |
|
|
|
|
| Turkey |
61,5 |
61,7 |
62,5 |
62,9 |
| total |
5.157,3 |
5.765,0 |
6.764,3 |
8.208,6 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| America total |
8.205,1 |
7.220,0 |
7.644,1 |
7.772,0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Oceania total |
2.089,9 |
2.106,4 |
2.169,9 |
2.183,4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| World total |
24.418,1 |
24.436,0 |
26.089,7 |
28.002,2 |
Note:
This table shows the production of primary aluminium only.
Source: World Bureau of Metal Statistics - World
Metal Statistics, February 2004, p. 8
World
Refined Consumption
Thousand tonnes
| |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
| Europe |
|
|
|
|
| Austria |
168,2 |
201,0 |
207,8 |
241,9 |
| Belarus |
9,9 |
10,2 |
10,2 |
10,2 |
| Belgium |
340,6 |
327,3 |
333,1 |
323,2 |
| Bulgaria |
8,5 |
8,5 |
11,1 |
16,7 |
| Croatia |
29,4 |
37,7 |
40,6 |
26,4 |
| Czech Republic |
77,6 |
88,3 |
104,5 |
103,4 |
| Denmark |
41,2 |
44,0 |
56,3 |
62,0 |
| Finland |
38,5 |
36,9 |
31,5 |
29,1 |
| France |
782,3 |
746,0 |
762,0 |
760,8 |
| Germany |
1.490,5 |
1.580,3 |
1.669,6 |
1.889,9 |
| Greece |
230,5 |
217,5 |
220,4 |
256,8 |
| Hungary |
210,0 |
222,7 |
239,9 |
247,6 |
| Ireland |
10,2 |
7,8 |
4,8 |
971,1 |
| Italy |
780,3 |
755,9 |
850,5 |
0,9 |
| Macedonia |
3,0 |
2,5 |
0,9 |
152,8 |
| Netherlands |
155,0 |
155,0 |
155,0 |
246,0 |
| Norway |
253,3 |
232,5 |
246,1 |
195,7 |
| Poland |
150,0 |
148,8 |
132,9 |
64,1 |
| Portugal |
78,0 |
66,9 |
78,0 |
162,5 |
| Romania |
128,1 |
112,7 |
112,0 |
875,5 |
| Russia |
748,4 |
786,2 |
990,1 |
23,8 |
| Slovakia |
35,6 |
38,7 |
27,5 |
87,2 |
| Slovenia |
81,0 |
115,7 |
76,4 |
608,0 |
| Spain |
525,6 |
507,8 |
532,7 |
129,9 |
| Sweden |
147,0 |
118,6 |
126,6 |
167,9 |
| Switzerland |
165,0 |
161,2 |
152,3 |
29,5 |
| Ukraine |
50,0 |
50,0 |
50,0 |
29,5 |
| United Kingdom |
575,5 |
433,3 |
427,6 |
333,5 |
| Yugoslavia Federation |
16,0 |
18,3 |
22,5 |
32,9 |
| Other Europe |
11,7 |
17,0 |
28,4 |
38,7 |
| total |
7.340,9 |
7.249,3 |
7.701,2 |
8.092,1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Africa total |
338,8 |
366,3 |
346,5 |
344,7 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Asia |
|
|
|
|
| Turkey |
211,2 |
175,7 |
230,6 |
303,2 |
| Asia total |
9.074,7 |
8.801,7 |
9.665,1 |
11.192,8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| America total |
7.912,3 |
6.941,5 |
7.269,5 |
7.404,4 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Oceania total |
392,4 |
362,6 |
348,9 |
384,1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| World total |
25.059,1 |
23.721,5 |
25.331,1 |
27.429,1 |
Note:
This table shows consumption of primary aluminium.
Source: World Bureau of Metal Statistics - World Metal Statistics,
February 2004, p. 9
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